Tag Archives: Python learning

[Solved] raise KeyError(key) from err KeyError: ‘Dates‘

Description of error reporting:

Today, when reading Excel data and processing the data, an error is reported as follows:

Error reason:

The Excel table data read in by pandas is not aligned. Please check the Excel table data read in
I print out the dataframe after reading it into Excel

Solution:

Delete Sheet2 and Sheet3 in the Excel table, so that Pandas will align after reading the Excel table data

The root cause of such problems is that the data is not aligned

Debug method: 1. Print out the dataframe data and check the format of the data after it is read in. 2. Then adjust the read data

How to Solve jupyter notebook Read CSV files Error 

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv('Pokemon1.csv',index_col = 0)

An error is reported after executing the code: Unicode decodeerror: ‘UTF-8’ codec can’t decode byte 0x89 in position 1538: invalid start byte
an error is still reported when trying to manually specify the encoding format [encoding = “UTF-8″/encoding = “GBK”):

df = pd.read_csv('Pokemon1.csv',index_col = 0,encoding="gbk")

Solution:
1 Find the CSV file used -> Right mouse button -> Opening method -> Select Notepad
2 Open the file and select File -> “Save as”, you can see that the default code is ANSI. Select UTF-8 to save a copy again, and then open it with PD.Read_csv(). There will be no error:


[Solved] Mujoco Error: Missing path to your environment variable.

Using mujoco to report an error: missing path to your environment variable

Question:

Recently, you want to use pycharm to run the server program in the local server environment. Follow https://www.jb51.net/article/195691.htm After step configuration, try running Import mujoco_Py , error reported:

Missing path to your environment variable.  
Current values LD_LIBRARY_PATH= 
Please add following line to .bashrc: 
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/root/.mujoco/mujoco200/bin

But I’ve added environment variables to ~ /. Bashrc

Solution:

Finally, the error reporting is solved by manually adding environment variables for the current operating environment:

In the menu bar -> Run -> Edit Configurations -> Add the corresponding environment variables to environment variables

Name Value
LD_ LIBRARY_ PATH $LD_ LIBRARY_ PATH:/root/.mujoco/mujoco200/bin

 

Python Error: SyntaxError: ‘break‘ outside loop

report errors:

SyntaxError: 'break' outside loop

Break can only be used in a while loop or a for loop. If it is used in an if conditional statement, an error will be reported: syntax error: ‘break’ outside loop. However, if the if conditional statement is nested inside a while loop or a for loop,
if you do not pay attention to the format when corresponding to while, an error will also be reported

Error in installing Python 3.6.8 for MacBook pyenv [Solved]

Solution:

1.install   Pyenv and pyenv virtualenv

brew install pyenv
git clone https://github.com/yyuu/pyenv-virtualenv.git ~/.pyenv/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv

Error in pyenv installation of Python 3.6.8


    else if(0 == _NSGetExecutablePath(execpath, &nsexeclength) && execpath[0] == SEP) {
                                                ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/mach-o/dyld.h:98:54: note: passing argument to parameter 'bufsize' here
extern int _NSGetExecutablePath(char* buf, uint32_t* bufsize)                 __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING(__MAC_10_2, __IPHONE_2_0);
                                                     ^
clang -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include   -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include   -std=c99 -Wextra -Wno-unused-result -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wstrict-prototypes   -I. -I./Include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I/usr/local/opt/[email protected]/include -I/Users/guangcui/.pyenv/versions/3.6.8/include  -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I/usr/local/opt/[email protected]/include -I/Users/guangcui/.pyenv/versions/3.6.8/include   -DPy_BUILD_CORE  -c ./Modules/posixmodule.c -o Modules/posixmodule.o
clang -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include   -I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include   -std=c99 -Wextra -Wno-unused-result -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wstrict-prototypes   -I. -I./Include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I/usr/local/opt/[email protected]/include -I/Users/guangcui/.pyenv/versions/3.6.8/include  -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I/usr/local/opt/readline/include -I/usr/local/opt/[email protected]/include -I/Users/guangcui/.pyenv/versions/3.6.8/include   -DPy_BUILD_CORE  -c ./Modules/errnomodule.c -o Modules/errnomodule.o
./Modules/posixmodule.c:8210:15: error: implicit declaration of function 'sendfile' is invalid in C99 [-Werror,-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
        ret = sendfile(in, out, offset, &sbytes, &sf, flags);
              ^
./Modules/posixmodule.c:10432:5: warning: code will never be executed [-Wunreachable-code]
    Py_FatalError("abort() called from Python code didn't abort!");
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~

processing method

1. Reinstall zlib bzip2

brew reinstall zlib bzip2

2. Based on the shell used, you can update . Zshrc or . Bashrc (if there is no such text, you can suggest the file in the ~ directory, enter the following content, save and restart the shell) 

export PATH="$HOME/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"
export PATH="/usr/local/bin:$PATH"

eval "$(pyenv init -)"
eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/zlib/lib -L/usr/local/opt/bzip2/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/zlib/include -I/usr/local/opt/bzip2/include"

3. Enter the following installation command. If you need to change the version, you can change 3.6.8 to another version

CFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix openssl)/include -I$(brew --prefix bzip2)/include -I$(brew --prefix readline)/include -I$(xcrun --show-sdk-path)/usr/include" LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix openssl)/lib -L$(brew --prefix readline)/lib -L$(brew --prefix zlib)/lib -L$(brew --prefix bzip2)/lib" pyenv install --patch 3.6.8 < <(curl -sSL https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/8ea6353.patch\?full_index\=1)

command ‘gcc’ failed with exit status 1 error while installing scrapy

When I tried to install Scrapy I got this error:

    warning: no previously-included files found matching '*.py'
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): pyOpenSSL in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pyOpenSSL-0.14-py2.7.egg (from Scrapy)
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): cssselect>=0.9 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cssselect-0.9.1-py2.7.egg (from Scrapy)
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): six>=1.5.2 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/six-1.6.1-py2.7.egg (from Scrapy)
Downloading/unpacking zope.interface>=3.6.0 (from Twisted>=10.0.0->Scrapy)
  Downloading zope.interface-4.1.1.tar.gz (864kB): 864kB downloaded
  Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/zope.interface/setup.py) egg_info for package zope.interface

    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.dll' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found anywhere in distribution
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*.so' found anywhere in distribution
Downloading/unpacking cryptography>=0.2.1 (from pyOpenSSL->Scrapy)
  Downloading cryptography-0.4.tar.gz (260kB): 260kB downloaded
  Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/cryptography/setup.py) egg_info for package cryptography
    Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
    Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
    to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
    No package 'libffi' found
    Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
    Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
    to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
    No package 'libffi' found
    Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
    Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
    to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
    No package 'libffi' found
    Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
    Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
    to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
    No package 'libffi' found
    Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
    Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
    to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
    No package 'libffi' found
    c/_cffi_backend.c:14:17: error: ffi.h: No such file or directory
    In file included from c/_cffi_backend.c:21:
    c/malloc_closure.h:33: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before 'ffi_closure'
    c/malloc_closure.h: In function 'more_core':
    c/malloc_closure.h:69: warning: division by zero
    c/malloc_closure.h:96: error: 'union mmaped_block' has no member named 'next'
    c/malloc_closure.h: At top level:
    c/malloc_closure.h:105: error: expected ')' before '*' token
    c/malloc_closure.h:113: error: expected '=', ',', ';', 'asm' or '__attribute__' before '*' token
    c/_cffi_backend.c:187: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before 'ffi_cif'
    c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'cdataowninggc_dealloc':
    c/_cffi_backend.c:1499: error: 'ffi_closure' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:1499: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
    c/_cffi_backend.c:1499: error: for each function it appears in.)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:1499: error: 'closure' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:1499: error: expected expression before ')' token
    c/_cffi_backend.c:1502: warning: implicit declaration of function 'cffi_closure_free'
    c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'cdataowninggc_traverse':
    c/_cffi_backend.c:1514: error: 'ffi_closure' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:1514: error: 'closure' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:1514: error: expected expression before ')' token
    c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'cdataowninggc_clear':
    c/_cffi_backend.c:1530: error: 'ffi_closure' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:1530: error: 'closure' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:1530: error: expected expression before ')' token
    c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'cdataowning_repr':
    c/_cffi_backend.c:1654: error: 'ffi_closure' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:1654: error: expected expression before ')' token
    c/_cffi_backend.c: At top level:
    c/_cffi_backend.c:2200: error: expected declaration specifiers or '...' before 'ffi_abi'
    c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'cdata_call':
    c/_cffi_backend.c:2334: error: 'ffi_abi' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:2334: error: expected ';' before 'fabi'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:2376: error: 'fabi' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:2380: error: too many arguments to function 'fb_prepare_cif'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:2385: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_size'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:2395: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_offset_arg'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:2425: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_offset_arg'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:2430: warning: implicit declaration of function 'ffi_call'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:2430: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'cif'
    c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'b_new_primitive_type':
    c/_cffi_backend.c:3334: error: 'ffi_type' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:3334: error: 'ffitype' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:3355: error: 'ffi_type_sint8' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:3356: error: 'ffi_type_sint16' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:3357: error: 'ffi_type_sint32' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:3358: error: 'ffi_type_sint64' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:3364: error: 'ffi_type_float' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:3366: error: 'ffi_type_double' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:3368: error: 'ffi_type_longdouble' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:3374: error: 'ffi_type_uint8' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:3375: error: 'ffi_type_uint16' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:3376: error: 'ffi_type_uint32' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:3377: error: 'ffi_type_uint64' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c: At top level:
    c/_cffi_backend.c:3931: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before 'ffi_type'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:3950: error: expected '=', ',', ';', 'asm' or '__attribute__' before '*' token
    c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'fb_build':
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4081: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'atypes'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4081: error: 'ffi_type' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4081: error: expected expression before ')' token
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4082: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'nargs'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4085: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'rtype'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4085: warning: implicit declaration of function 'fb_fill_type'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4093: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_offset_arg'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4096: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'rtype'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4097: error: 'ffi_arg' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4107: error: 'atype' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4120: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'atypes'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4121: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'atypes'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4124: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_offset_arg'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4131: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_size'
    c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'fb_build_name':
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4153: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'nargs'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4162: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'fct'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4164: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'fct'
    c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'fb_prepare_ctype':
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4205: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'fct'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4215: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'fct'
    c/_cffi_backend.c: At top level:
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4235: error: expected declaration specifiers or '...' before 'ffi_abi'
    c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'fb_prepare_cif':
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4262: warning: implicit declaration of function 'ffi_prep_cif'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4262: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'cif'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4262: error: 'fabi' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4262: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'nargs'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4263: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'rtype'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4263: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'atypes'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4263: error: 'FFI_OK' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'b_new_function_type':
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4280: error: 'FFI_DEFAULT_ABI' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4318: error: too many arguments to function 'fb_prepare_cif'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4326: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'nargs'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4336: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'nargs'
    c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'convert_from_object_fficallback':
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4360: error: 'ffi_arg' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c: At top level:
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4432: error: expected ')' before '*' token
    c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'b_callback':
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4503: error: 'ffi_closure' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4503: error: 'closure' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4524: error: 'ffi_arg' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4542: warning: implicit declaration of function 'cffi_closure_alloc'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4559: warning: implicit declaration of function 'ffi_prep_closure'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4559: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'cif'
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4560: error: 'invoke_callback' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c:4560: error: 'FFI_OK' undeclared (first use in this function)
    c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'init_cffi_backend':
    c/_cffi_backend.c:5489: error: 'FFI_DEFAULT_ABI' undeclared (first use in this function)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 17, in <module>
      File "/tmp/pip_build_root/cryptography/setup.py", line 174, in <module>
        "test": PyTest,
      File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 112, in setup
        _setup_distribution = dist = klass(attrs)
      File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/dist.py", line 260, in __init__
      File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/dist.py", line 285, in fetch_build_eggs
      File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 631, in resolve
      File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 871, in best_match
      File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 883, in obtain
      File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/dist.py", line 335, in fetch_build_egg
      File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 595, in easy_install
      File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 625, in install_item
      File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 822, in install_eggs
      File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1028, in build_and_install
      File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1016, in run_setup
    distutils.errors.DistutilsError: Setup script exited with error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.

Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'

to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable

No package 'libffi' found

Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.

Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'

to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable

No package 'libffi' found

Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.

Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'

to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable

No package 'libffi' found

Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.

Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'

to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable

No package 'libffi' found

Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.

Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'

to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable

No package 'libffi' found

c/_cffi_backend.c:14:17: error: ffi.h: No such file or directory

In file included from c/_cffi_backend.c:21:

c/malloc_closure.h:33: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before 'ffi_closure'

c/malloc_closure.h: In function 'more_core':

c/malloc_closure.h:69: warning: division by zero

c/malloc_closure.h:96: error: 'union mmaped_block' has no member named 'next'

c/malloc_closure.h: At top level:

c/malloc_closure.h:105: error: expected ')' before '*' token

c/malloc_closure.h:113: error: expected '=', ',', ';', 'asm' or '__attribute__' before '*' token

c/_cffi_backend.c:187: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before 'ffi_cif'

c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'cdataowninggc_dealloc':

c/_cffi_backend.c:1499: error: 'ffi_closure' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:1499: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once

c/_cffi_backend.c:1499: error: for each function it appears in.)

c/_cffi_backend.c:1499: error: 'closure' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:1499: error: expected expression before ')' token

c/_cffi_backend.c:1502: warning: implicit declaration of function 'cffi_closure_free'

c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'cdataowninggc_traverse':

c/_cffi_backend.c:1514: error: 'ffi_closure' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:1514: error: 'closure' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:1514: error: expected expression before ')' token

c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'cdataowninggc_clear':

c/_cffi_backend.c:1530: error: 'ffi_closure' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:1530: error: 'closure' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:1530: error: expected expression before ')' token

c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'cdataowning_repr':

c/_cffi_backend.c:1654: error: 'ffi_closure' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:1654: error: expected expression before ')' token

c/_cffi_backend.c: At top level:

c/_cffi_backend.c:2200: error: expected declaration specifiers or '...' before 'ffi_abi'

c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'cdata_call':

c/_cffi_backend.c:2334: error: 'ffi_abi' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:2334: error: expected ';' before 'fabi'

c/_cffi_backend.c:2376: error: 'fabi' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:2380: error: too many arguments to function 'fb_prepare_cif'

c/_cffi_backend.c:2385: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_size'

c/_cffi_backend.c:2395: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_offset_arg'

c/_cffi_backend.c:2425: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_offset_arg'

c/_cffi_backend.c:2430: warning: implicit declaration of function 'ffi_call'

c/_cffi_backend.c:2430: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'cif'

c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'b_new_primitive_type':

c/_cffi_backend.c:3334: error: 'ffi_type' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:3334: error: 'ffitype' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:3355: error: 'ffi_type_sint8' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:3356: error: 'ffi_type_sint16' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:3357: error: 'ffi_type_sint32' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:3358: error: 'ffi_type_sint64' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:3364: error: 'ffi_type_float' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:3366: error: 'ffi_type_double' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:3368: error: 'ffi_type_longdouble' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:3374: error: 'ffi_type_uint8' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:3375: error: 'ffi_type_uint16' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:3376: error: 'ffi_type_uint32' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:3377: error: 'ffi_type_uint64' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c: At top level:

c/_cffi_backend.c:3931: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before 'ffi_type'

c/_cffi_backend.c:3950: error: expected '=', ',', ';', 'asm' or '__attribute__' before '*' token

c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'fb_build':

c/_cffi_backend.c:4081: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'atypes'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4081: error: 'ffi_type' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:4081: error: expected expression before ')' token

c/_cffi_backend.c:4082: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'nargs'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4085: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'rtype'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4085: warning: implicit declaration of function 'fb_fill_type'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4093: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_offset_arg'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4096: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'rtype'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4097: error: 'ffi_arg' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:4107: error: 'atype' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:4120: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'atypes'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4121: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'atypes'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4124: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_offset_arg'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4131: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_size'

c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'fb_build_name':

c/_cffi_backend.c:4153: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'nargs'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4162: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'fct'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4164: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'fct'

c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'fb_prepare_ctype':

c/_cffi_backend.c:4205: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'fct'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4215: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'fct'

c/_cffi_backend.c: At top level:

c/_cffi_backend.c:4235: error: expected declaration specifiers or '...' before 'ffi_abi'

c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'fb_prepare_cif':

c/_cffi_backend.c:4262: warning: implicit declaration of function 'ffi_prep_cif'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4262: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'cif'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4262: error: 'fabi' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:4262: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'nargs'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4263: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'rtype'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4263: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'atypes'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4263: error: 'FFI_OK' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'b_new_function_type':

c/_cffi_backend.c:4280: error: 'FFI_DEFAULT_ABI' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:4318: error: too many arguments to function 'fb_prepare_cif'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4326: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'nargs'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4336: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'nargs'

c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'convert_from_object_fficallback':

c/_cffi_backend.c:4360: error: 'ffi_arg' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c: At top level:

c/_cffi_backend.c:4432: error: expected ')' before '*' token

c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'b_callback':

c/_cffi_backend.c:4503: error: 'ffi_closure' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:4503: error: 'closure' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:4524: error: 'ffi_arg' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:4542: warning: implicit declaration of function 'cffi_closure_alloc'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4559: warning: implicit declaration of function 'ffi_prep_closure'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4559: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'cif'

c/_cffi_backend.c:4560: error: 'invoke_callback' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c:4560: error: 'FFI_OK' undeclared (first use in this function)

c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'init_cffi_backend':

c/_cffi_backend.c:5489: error: 'FFI_DEFAULT_ABI' undeclared (first use in this function)

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<string>", line 17, in <module>

  File "/tmp/pip_build_root/cryptography/setup.py", line 174, in <module>

    "test": PyTest,

  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 112, in setup

    _setup_distribution = dist = klass(attrs)

  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/dist.py", line 260, in __init__

  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/dist.py", line 285, in fetch_build_eggs

  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 631, in resolve

  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 871, in best_match

  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 883, in obtain

  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/dist.py", line 335, in fetch_build_egg

  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 595, in easy_install

  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 625, in install_item

  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 822, in install_eggs

  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1028, in build_and_install

  File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1016, in run_setup

distutils.errors.DistutilsError: Setup script exited with error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
Command python setup.py egg_info failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/cryptography
Storing debug log for failure in /root/.pip/pip.log

Solution :

c/_cffi_backend. c:truth:error:ffi. h:No such file or directory
Install the libffi-devel package
yum install libffi-devel

ImportError: cannot import name ‘cross_validation’ from ‘sklearn’

Using sklearn (scikit learn) import cross_ An error is reported during validation as follows:

ImportError: cannot import name ‘cross_ validation’ from ‘sklearn’ 

The original code is:

from sklearn import cross_validation as cv

reason:

sklearn.cross_ Validation is a module in the old version of sklearn

The new versions are all migrated to sklearn.model_ selection

The solution will be

cross_ Replace validation with “model”_ selection

from sklearn import model_selection as cv

Problem solving.

Python3-ValueError:not enough values to unpack (expected 2, got 0)

Python3-valueError :not enough values to unpack (expected 2, got 0)
Specific errors are as follows:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/zhangsf/code/python/my-project/Subsidy.py", line 83, in <module>
    xy1.boxplot(column='ranking', by='subsidy')
  File "/Users/zhangsf/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.py", line 2254, in boxplot_frame
    return_type=return_type, **kwds)
  File "/Users/zhangsf/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.py", line 2223, in boxplot
    return_type=return_type)
  File "/Users/zhangsf/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas/plotting/_core.py", line 2682, in _grouped_plot_by_column
    keys, values = zip(*gp_col)
ValueError: not enough values to unpack (expected 2, got 0)

It means that python expected there to be two return values from zip(), but there were none.
Error: This means that Python expects zip () to return two values, but neither
The error statement is:

xy1.boxplot(column='ranking', by='subsidy')

The reason is that there is a problem with the imported data, which causes the ranking of the column to be NaN and no return value
Just re-introduce the correct data
 

RemoveError: ‘requests’ is a dependency of conda and cannot be removed from conda’s operating enviro

An error occurred during installation of conda
RemoveError: ‘requests’ is a dependency of conda and cannot be removed from conda’s operating environment.
 
This error occurs because the ‘Requests’ package was installed with PIP and is triggered if you install other packages using CANDA.
Solutions:
1, Use PIP uninstall packagename to uninstall the package, it is not recommended to use this, it will cause other errors.
2. Use PIP packagename to install the package
Good luck
Reference:
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40405758/article/details/88094405

On set in pandas_ Index and reset_ Usage of index

1.set_index
DataFrame can be set by the set_index method, which allows you to set both a single index and a composite index.
dataframe.set_index (keys, drop=True, append=False, inplace=False, verify_integrity=False)
append add a new index, drop is False, inplace is True, the index will be restored to the column
 

In [307]: data
Out[307]: 
     a    b  c    d
0  bar  one  z  1.0
1  bar  two  y  2.0
2  foo  one  x  3.0
3  foo  two  w  4.0

In [308]: indexed1 = data.set_index('c')

In [309]: indexed1
Out[309]: 
     a    b    d
c               
z  bar  one  1.0
y  bar  two  2.0
x  foo  one  3.0
w  foo  two  4.0

In [310]: indexed2 = data.set_index(['a', 'b'])

In [311]: indexed2
Out[311]: 
         c    d
a   b          
bar one  z  1.0
    two  y  2.0
foo one  x  3.0
    two  w  4.0

 
2.reset_index
 
Reset_index
dataframe.reset_index (level=None, drop=False, inplace=False, col_level=0, col_fill= “)
level controls the index of the specific level to be restored
drop to False, the index column will be restored to the normal column, otherwise it will be lost

In [318]: data
Out[318]: 
         c    d
a   b          
bar one  z  1.0
    two  y  2.0
foo one  x  3.0
    two  w  4.0

In [319]: data.reset_index()
Out[319]: 
     a    b  c    d
0  bar  one  z  1.0
1  bar  two  y  2.0
2  foo  one  x  3.0
3  foo  two  w  4.0