in Chrome, pressing F5 or Ctrl+F5 doesn’t work. Chrome always forces page caches to refresh. How to refresh without page caches?

Chrome officially recommends the following shortcuts to refresh Windows and Linux operating systems without using the page cache: Shift+F5 or Ctrl+Shift+R
Mac OS: Cmd+Shft+R

if the above method doesn’t work, you can press F12(Windows) or Cmd+Opt+I(MAC), open “developer tools”, then right-click on the Refresh button and select “clear cache and load hardware” from the pop-up menu

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