Today, we will introduce how to upgrade Ubuntu 16.04 LTS to 18.04 LTS manually. In order to facilitate the presentation to the friends, I specially prepared a virtual machine, and we will log in to the virtual machine first.
ubuntu@node9:~$ ssh node8
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-1060-aws x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
Get cloud support with Ubuntu Advantage Cloud Guest:
http://www.ubuntu.com/business/services/cloud
51 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.
New release '18.04.1 LTS' available.
Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.
*** System restart required ***
Last login: Fri Oct 19 19:10:33 2018 from 172.0.10.1
ubuntu@node8:~$
Next, we will give you a demonstration. First, we need to update the local apt repository index.
root@ecs-2046:~# sudo apt update
Get:1 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease [247 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [109 kB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [107 kB]
Get:4 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial/main Sources [868 kB]
Get:5 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial/universe Sources [7728 kB]
Get:6 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages [1201 kB]
Get:7 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial/main i386 Packages [1196 kB]
Get:8 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial/main Translation-en [568 kB]
Get:9 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 Packages [7532 kB]
Get:10 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial/universe i386 Packages [7512 kB]
Get:11 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial/universe Translation-en [4354 kB]
Get:12 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main Sources [323 kB]
Get:13 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe Sources [223 kB]
Get:14 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages [861 kB]
Get:15 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main i386 Packages [772 kB]
Get:16 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main Translation-en [351 kB]
Get:17 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 Packages [694 kB]
Get:18 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe i386 Packages [636 kB]
Get:19 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe Translation-en [280 kB]
Get:20 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main Sources [136 kB]
Get:21 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe Sources [78.1 kB]
Get:22 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 Packages [569 kB]
Get:23 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main i386 Packages [491 kB]
Get:24 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main Translation-en [239 kB]
Get:25 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe amd64 Packages [391 kB]
Get:26 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe i386 Packages [339 kB]
Get:27 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe Translation-en [149 kB]
Fetched 38.0 MB in 6s (6175 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
132 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
Then, we will use the command apt upgrade to complete the corresponding upgrade work.
root@ecs-2046:~# sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
linux-headers-4.4.0-87 linux-headers-4.4.0-87-generic linux-image-4.4.0-87-generic linux-image-extra-4.4.0-87-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following NEW packages will be installed:
amd64-microcode intel-microcode iucode-tool linux-headers-4.4.0-137 linux-headers-4.4.0-137-generic linux-image-4.4.0-137-generic linux-image-extra-4.4.0-137-generic
The following packages will be upgraded:
apparmor apt apt-transport-https apt-utils base-files bind9-host binutils bsdutils cpp-5 cups-bsd cups-client cups-common curl distro-info-data dnsutils file g++-5 gcc-5 gcc-5-base gnupg gpgv ifupdown initramfs-tools
initramfs-tools-bin initramfs-tools-core iperf libapparmor-perl libapparmor1 libapt-inst2.0 libapt-pkg5.0 libarchive-zip-perl libarchive13 libasan2 libatomic1 libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data libavahi-common3 libbind9-140
libblkid1 libcc1-0 libcilkrts5 libcups2 libcupsfilters1 libcupsimage2 libcurl3-gnutls libdns-export162 libdns162 libdrm-common libdrm2 libdw1 libelf1 libfdisk1 libgcc-5-dev libgcrypt20 libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-data libgomp1
libisc-export160 libisc160 libisccc140 libisccfg140 libitm1 libjpeg-turbo8 libldap-2.4-2 liblsan0 liblwres141 libmagic1 libmount1 libmpx0 libpam-modules libpam-modules-bin libpam-runtime libpam-systemd libpam0g libperl5.22
libplymouth4 libpng12-0 libpolkit-gobject-1-0 libprocps4 libquadmath0 librados2 librbd1 libslang2 libsmartcols1 libssl1.0.0 libstdc++-5-dev libstdc++6 libsystemd0 libtsan0 libubsan0 libudev1 libuuid1 libx11-6 libx11-data libxml2
linux-base linux-firmware linux-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic linux-libc-dev mount ntp openssh-client openssh-server openssh-sftp-server openssl patch perl perl-base perl-modules-5.22 plymouth
plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text procps python-apt-common python3-apt python3-distupgrade python3-requests python3-update-manager python3-urllib3 shared-mime-info ssh systemd systemd-sysv tzdata ubuntu-release-upgrader-core udev
update-manager-core util-linux uuid-runtime wget wireless-regdb
132 upgraded, 7 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 188 MB of archives.
After this operation, 331 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue?[Y/n] y
Get:1 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 base-files amd64 9.4ubuntu4.7 [65.9 kB]
Get:138 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 python3-requests all 2.9.1-3ubuntu0.1 [55.8 kB]
Get:139 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 wireless-regdb all 2018.05.09-0ubuntu1~16.04.1 [11.7 kB]
Fetched 188 MB in 8s (23.3 MB/s)
Extracting templates from packages: 100%
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Unpacking libglib2.0-0:amd64 (2.48.2-0ubuntu4.1) over (2.48.2-0ubuntu1) ...
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Unpacking uuid-runtime (2.27.1-6ubuntu3.6) over (2.27.1-6ubuntu3.5) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../libssl1.0.0_1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.13_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libssl1.0.0:amd64 (1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.13) over (1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.11) ...
Preparing to unpack .../ntp_1%3a4.2.8p4+dfsg-3ubuntu5.9_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking ntp (1:4.2.8p4+dfsg-3ubuntu5.9) over (1:4.2.8p4+dfsg-3ubuntu5.8) ...
Preparing to unpack .../openssh-sftp-server_1%3a7.2p2-4ubuntu2.5_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking openssh-sftp-server (1:7.2p2-4ubuntu2.5) over (1:7.2p2-4ubuntu2.4) ...
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Unpacking openssh-server (1:7.2p2-4ubuntu2.5) over (1:7.2p2-4ubuntu2.4) ...
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Unpacking openssh-client (1:7.2p2-4ubuntu2.5) over (1:7.2p2-4ubuntu2.4) ...
Preparing to unpack .../ssh_1%3a7.2p2-4ubuntu2.5_all.deb ...
Unpacking ssh (1:7.2p2-4ubuntu2.5) over (1:7.2p2-4ubuntu2.4) ...
Preparing to unpack .../libfdisk1_2.27.1-6ubuntu3.6_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libfdisk1:amd64 (2.27.1-6ubuntu3.6) over (2.27.1-6ubuntu3.5) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.4) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
Processing triggers for ufw (0.35-0ubuntu2) ...
Setting up libfdisk1:amd64 (2.27.1-6ubuntu3.6) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
(Reading database ... 132839 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libgcrypt20_1.6.5-2ubuntu0.5_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libgcrypt20:amd64 (1.6.5-2ubuntu0.5) over (1.6.5-2ubuntu0.4) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Setting up libgcrypt20:amd64 (1.6.5-2ubuntu0.5) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
(Reading database ... 132839 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libsmartcols1_2.27.1-6ubuntu3.6_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libsmartcols1:amd64 (2.27.1-6ubuntu3.6) over (2.27.1-6ubuntu3.5) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Setting up libsmartcols1:amd64 (2.27.1-6ubuntu3.6) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
(Reading database ... 132839 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../tzdata_2018e-0ubuntu0.16.04_all.deb ...
Unpacking tzdata (2018e-0ubuntu0.16.04) over (2017c-0ubuntu0.16.04) ...
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Unpacking file (1:5.25-2ubuntu1.1) over (1:5.25-2ubuntu1) ...
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Unpacking libmagic1:amd64 (1:5.25-2ubuntu1.1) over (1:5.25-2ubuntu1) ...
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Unpacking libisc-export160 (1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1.11) over (1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1.10) ...
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Unpacking libdns-export162 (1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1.11) over (1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1.10) ...
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Unpacking libslang2:amd64 (2.3.0-2ubuntu1.1) over (2.3.0-2ubuntu1) ...
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Unpacking apt-transport-https (1.2.27) over (1.2.26) ...
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Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-4.4.0-137-generic.
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locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
Done.
Unpacking linux-image-4.4.0-137-generic (4.4.0-137.163) ...
Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-extra-4.4.0-137-generic.
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Selecting previously unselected package intel-microcode.
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Unpacking amd64-microcode (3.20180524.1~ubuntu0.16.04.2) ...
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Unpacking linux-image-generic (4.4.0.137.143) over (4.4.0.117.123) ...
Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-4.4.0-137.
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Unpacking linux-headers-4.4.0-137-generic (4.4.0-137.163) ...
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Unpacking linux-libc-dev:amd64 (4.4.0-137.163) over (4.4.0-120.144) ...
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Unpacking patch (2.7.5-1ubuntu0.16.04.1) over (2.7.5-1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../python3-urllib3_1.13.1-2ubuntu0.16.04.2_all.deb ...
Unpacking python3-urllib3 (1.13.1-2ubuntu0.16.04.2) over (1.13.1-2ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../python3-requests_2.9.1-3ubuntu0.1_all.deb ...
Unpacking python3-requests (2.9.1-3ubuntu0.1) over (2.9.1-3) ...
Preparing to unpack .../wireless-regdb_2018.05.09-0ubuntu1~16.04.1_all.deb ...
Unpacking wireless-regdb (2018.05.09-0ubuntu1~16.04.1) over (2015.07.20-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.4) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
Processing triggers for install-info (6.1.0.dfsg.1-5) ...
Setting up perl-modules-5.22 (5.22.1-9ubuntu0.5) ...
Setting up libperl5.22:amd64 (5.22.1-9ubuntu0.5) ...
Setting up perl (5.22.1-9ubuntu0.5) ...
Setting up libquadmath0:amd64 (5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.10) ...
Setting up libgomp1:amd64 (5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.10) ...
Setting up libitm1:amd64 (5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.10) ...
Setting up libatomic1:amd64 (5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.10) ...
Setting up libasan2:amd64 (5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.10) ...
Setting up liblsan0:amd64 (5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.10) ...
Setting up libtsan0:amd64 (5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.10) ...
Setting up libubsan0:amd64 (5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.10) ...
Setting up libcilkrts5:amd64 (5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.10) ...
Setting up libmpx0:amd64 (5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.10) ...
Setting up cpp-5 (5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.10) ...
Setting up libcc1-0:amd64 (5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.10) ...
Setting up binutils (2.26.1-1ubuntu1~16.04.7) ...
Setting up libgcc-5-dev:amd64 (5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.10) ...
Setting up gcc-5 (5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.10) ...
Setting up libstdc++-5-dev:amd64 (5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.10) ...
Setting up g++-5 (5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.10) ...
Setting up libapt-inst2.0:amd64 (1.2.27) ...
Setting up apt-utils (1.2.27) ...
Setting up libprocps4:amd64 (2:3.3.10-4ubuntu2.4) ...
Setting up procps (2:3.3.10-4ubuntu2.4) ...
update-rc.d: warning: start and stop actions are no longer supported; falling back to defaults
Setting up libpam-systemd:amd64 (229-4ubuntu21.4) ...
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
Setting up ifupdown (0.8.10ubuntu1.4) ...
Setting up udev (229-4ubuntu21.4) ...
addgroup: The group `input' already exists as a system group. Exiting.
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Setting up initramfs-tools-bin (0.122ubuntu8.13) ...
Setting up initramfs-tools-core (0.122ubuntu8.13) ...
Setting up linux-base (4.5ubuntu1~16.04.1) ...
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
Setting up initramfs-tools (0.122ubuntu8.13) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Setting up libglib2.0-0:amd64 (2.48.2-0ubuntu4.1) ...
No schema files found: doing nothing.
Setting up uuid-runtime (2.27.1-6ubuntu3.6) ...
Setting up libjpeg-turbo8:amd64 (1.4.2-0ubuntu3.1) ...
Setting up libssl1.0.0:amd64 (1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.13) ...
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
Setting up ntp (1:4.2.8p4+dfsg-3ubuntu5.9) ...
Setting up openssh-client (1:7.2p2-4ubuntu2.5) ...
Setting up openssh-sftp-server (1:7.2p2-4ubuntu2.5) ...
Setting up openssh-server (1:7.2p2-4ubuntu2.5) ...
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
Creating SSH2 ED25519 key; this may take some time ...
256 SHA256:YUqqlp+zUxUXGrCLPNEouMutwiMz5f75nEds7q2OtCQ root@ecs-2046 (ED25519)
Setting up ssh (1:7.2p2-4ubuntu2.5) ...
Setting up tzdata (2018e-0ubuntu0.16.04) ...
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
Current default time zone: 'Asia/Shanghai'
Local time is now: Fri Oct 19 19:11:07 CST 2018.
Universal Time is now: Fri Oct 19 11:11:07 UTC 2018.
Run 'dpkg-reconfigure tzdata' if you wish to change it.
Setting up distro-info-data (0.28ubuntu0.8) ...
Setting up libmagic1:amd64 (1:5.25-2ubuntu1.1) ...
Setting up file (1:5.25-2ubuntu1.1) ...
Setting up libisc-export160 (1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1.11) ...
Setting up libdns-export162 (1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1.11) ...
Setting up libpng12-0:amd64 (1.2.54-1ubuntu1.1) ...
Setting up libslang2:amd64 (2.3.0-2ubuntu1.1) ...
Setting up libapparmor-perl (2.10.95-0ubuntu2.10) ...
Setting up apparmor (2.10.95-0ubuntu2.10) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/private-files ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/private-files-strict ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/ubuntu-browsers.d/user-files ...
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
update-rc.d: warning: start and stop actions are no longer supported; falling back to defaults
Skipping profile in /etc/apparmor.d/disable: usr.sbin.rsyslogd
Setting up libldap-2.4-2:amd64 (2.4.42+dfsg-2ubuntu3.3) ...
Setting up libcurl3-gnutls:amd64 (7.47.0-1ubuntu2.9) ...
Setting up curl (7.47.0-1ubuntu2.9) ...
Setting up apt-transport-https (1.2.27) ...
Setting up libxml2:amd64 (2.9.3+dfsg1-1ubuntu0.6) ...
Setting up libisc160:amd64 (1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1.11) ...
Setting up libdns162:amd64 (1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1.11) ...
Setting up libisccc140:amd64 (1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1.11) ...
Setting up libisccfg140:amd64 (1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1.11) ...
Setting up libbind9-140:amd64 (1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1.11) ...
Setting up liblwres141:amd64 (1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1.11) ...
Setting up bind9-host (1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1.11) ...
Setting up dnsutils (1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1.11) ...
Setting up libdrm-common (2.4.91-2~16.04.1) ...
Setting up libdrm2:amd64 (2.4.91-2~16.04.1) ...
Setting up libelf1:amd64 (0.165-3ubuntu1.1) ...
Setting up libdw1:amd64 (0.165-3ubuntu1.1) ...
Setting up libglib2.0-data (2.48.2-0ubuntu4.1) ...
Setting up libplymouth4:amd64 (0.9.2-3ubuntu13.5) ...
Setting up libpolkit-gobject-1-0:amd64 (0.105-14.1ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up libx11-data (2:1.6.3-1ubuntu2.1) ...
Setting up libx11-6:amd64 (2:1.6.3-1ubuntu2.1) ...
Setting up openssl (1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.13) ...
Setting up plymouth (0.9.2-3ubuntu13.5) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
update-rc.d: warning: start and stop actions are no longer supported; falling back to defaults
update-rc.d: warning: start and stop actions are no longer supported; falling back to defaults
Setting up plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text (0.9.2-3ubuntu13.5) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Setting up python-apt-common (1.1.0~beta1ubuntu0.16.04.2) ...
Setting up python3-apt (1.1.0~beta1ubuntu0.16.04.2) ...
Setting up shared-mime-info (1.5-2ubuntu0.2) ...
Setting up wget (1.17.1-1ubuntu1.4) ...
Setting up libavahi-common-data:amd64 (0.6.32~rc+dfsg-1ubuntu2.2) ...
Setting up libavahi-common3:amd64 (0.6.32~rc+dfsg-1ubuntu2.2) ...
Setting up libavahi-client3:amd64 (0.6.32~rc+dfsg-1ubuntu2.2) ...
Setting up libcups2:amd64 (2.1.3-4ubuntu0.5) ...
Setting up libcupsfilters1:amd64 (1.8.3-2ubuntu3.4) ...
Setting up libcupsimage2:amd64 (2.1.3-4ubuntu0.5) ...
Setting up cups-common (2.1.3-4ubuntu0.5) ...
Setting up cups-client (2.1.3-4ubuntu0.5) ...
Setting up cups-bsd (2.1.3-4ubuntu0.5) ...
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
Setting up iperf (2.0.5+dfsg1-2ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up iucode-tool (1.5.1-1ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up libarchive-zip-perl (1.56-2ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up libarchive13:amd64 (3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.4) ...
Setting up librados2 (10.2.10-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Setting up librbd1 (10.2.10-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Setting up linux-firmware (1.157.20) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-117-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-116-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-87-generic
Setting up linux-image-4.4.0-137-generic (4.4.0-137.163) ...
Running depmod.
update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later)
Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d.
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.4.0-137-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-137-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.4.0-137-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-137-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-137-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 4.4.0-137-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-137-generic
Generating grub configuration file ...
Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported.
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-137-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-137-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-117-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-117-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-116-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-116-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-87-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-87-generic
done
Setting up linux-image-extra-4.4.0-137-generic (4.4.0-137.163) ...
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.4.0-137-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-137-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.4.0-137-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-137-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-137-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 4.4.0-137-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-137-generic
Generating grub configuration file ...
Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported.
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-137-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-137-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-117-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-117-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-116-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-116-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-87-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-87-generic
done
Setting up intel-microcode (3.20180807a.0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
intel-microcode: microcode will be updated at next boot
Setting up amd64-microcode (3.20180524.1~ubuntu0.16.04.2) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
amd64-microcode: microcode will be updated at next boot
Setting up linux-image-generic (4.4.0.137.143) ...
Setting up linux-headers-4.4.0-137 (4.4.0-137.163) ...
Setting up linux-headers-4.4.0-137-generic (4.4.0-137.163) ...
Setting up linux-headers-generic (4.4.0.137.143) ...
Setting up linux-generic (4.4.0.137.143) ...
Setting up linux-libc-dev:amd64 (4.4.0-137.163) ...
Setting up patch (2.7.5-1ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Setting up python3-urllib3 (1.13.1-2ubuntu0.16.04.2) ...
Setting up python3-requests (2.9.1-3ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up wireless-regdb (2018.05.09-0ubuntu1~16.04.1) ...
Setting up python3-distupgrade (1:16.04.25) ...
Setting up python3-update-manager (1:16.04.14) ...
Setting up ubuntu-release-upgrader-core (1:16.04.25) ...
Setting up update-manager-core (1:16.04.14) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.122ubuntu8.13) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-137-generic
root@ecs-2046:~# sudo do-release-upgrade
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
Get:1 Upgrade tool signature [819 B]
Get:2 Upgrade tool [1260 kB]
Fetched 1261 kB in 0s (0 B/s)
authenticate 'bionic.tar.gz' against 'bionic.tar.gz.gpg'
extracting 'bionic.tar.gz'
Reading cache
Checking package manager
Continue running under SSH?
This session appears to be running under ssh. It is not recommended
to perform a upgrade over ssh currently because in case of failure it
is harder to recover.
If you continue, an additional ssh daemon will be started at port
'1022'.
Do you want to continue?
Continue [yN] y
Starting additional sshd
To make recovery in case of failure easier, an additional sshd will
be started on port '1022'. If anything goes wrong with the running
ssh you can still connect to the additional one.
If you run a firewall, you may need to temporarily open this port. As
this is potentially dangerous it's not done automatically. You can
open the port with e.g.:
'iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 1022 -j ACCEPT'
To continue please press [ENTER]
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Hit http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease
Hit http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease
Fetched 0 B in 0s (0 B/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Updating repository information
No valid mirror found
While scanning your repository information no mirror entry for the
upgrade was found. This can happen if you run an internal mirror or
if the mirror information is out of date.
Do you want to rewrite your 'sources.list' file anyway?If you choose
'Yes' here it will update all 'xenial' to 'bionic' entries.
If you select 'No' the upgrade will cancel.
Continue [yN] y
Get:1 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease [242 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [83.2 kB]
Get:4 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic/main Sources [829 kB]
Get:5 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic/universe Sources [9051 kB]
Get:6 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages [1019 kB]
Get:7 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic/main i386 Packages [1007 kB]
Get:8 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic/main Translation-en [516 kB]
Get:9 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 Packages [8570 kB]
Get:10 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic/universe i386 Packages [8531 kB]
Get:11 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic/universe Translation-en [4941 kB]
Get:12 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main Sources [200 kB]
Get:13 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe Sources [90.4 kB]
Get:14 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 Packages [406 kB]
Get:15 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main i386 Packages [366 kB]
Get:16 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main Translation-en [152 kB]
Get:17 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe amd64 Packages [565 kB]
Get:18 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe i386 Packages [560 kB]
Get:19 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/universe Translation-en [148 kB]
Get:20 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main Sources [53.8 kB]
Get:21 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe Sources [20.9 kB]
Get:22 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 Packages [184 kB]
Get:23 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main i386 Packages [147 kB]
Get:24 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main Translation-en [71.9 kB]
Get:25 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe amd64 Packages [89.0 kB]
Get:26 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe i386 Packages [89.0 kB]
Get:27 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe Translation-en [48.5 kB]
Fetched 38.1 MB in 6s (6317 kB/s)
Checking package manager
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating the changes
Calculating the changes
Do you want to start the upgrade?
3 installed packages are no longer supported by Canonical. You can
still get support from the community.
3 packages are going to be removed. 133 new packages are going to be
installed. 452 packages are going to be upgraded.
You have to download a total of 362 M. This download will take about
57 seconds with your connection.
Installing the upgrade can take several hours. Once the download has
finished, the process cannot be canceled.
Continue [yN] Details [d]y
Fetching
Get:1 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 nscd amd64 2.27-3ubuntu1 [78.1 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 locales all 2.27-3ubuntu1 [3612 kB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 libc6 amd64 2.27-3ubuntu1 [2824 kB]
Get:4 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic/main i386 libc6 i386 2.27-3ubuntu1 [2551 kB]
Fetched 362 MB in 6s (14.7 MB/s)
Upgrading
Fetched 0 B in 0s (0 B/s)
MarkInstall libc6 [ amd64 ] < 2.23-0ubuntu10 -> 2.27-3ubuntu1 > ( libs ) FU=1
MarkInstall locales [ amd64 ] < 2.23-0ubuntu10 -> 2.27-3ubuntu1 > ( libs ) FU=0
Installing libc-bin as Depends of locales
MarkInstall libc-bin [ amd64 ] < 2.23-0ubuntu10 -> 2.27-3ubuntu1 > ( libs ) FU=0
MarkInstall nscd [ amd64 ] < 2.23-0ubuntu10 -> 2.27-3ubuntu1 > ( universe/admin ) FU=0
MarkInstall libc6 [ i386 ] < 2.23-0ubuntu10 -> 2.27-3ubuntu1 > ( libs ) FU=0
Starting pkgProblemResolver with broken count: 0
Starting 2 pkgProblemResolver with broken count: 0
Done
Upgrading
Fetched 0 B in 0s (0 B/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LC_MONETARY = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_ADDRESS = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_TELEPHONE = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_NAME = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_MEASUREMENT = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_IDENTIFICATION = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_NUMERIC = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_PAPER = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LANG = "en_US.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to a fallback locale ("en_US.UTF-8").
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 165450 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libc-dev-bin_2.27-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libc-dev-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) over (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Progress: [ 5%]
Preparing to unpack .../libc6-dev_2.27-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Progress: [ 11%]
Unpacking libc6-dev:amd64 (2.27-3ubuntu1) over (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Progress: [ 16%]
Preparing to unpack .../locales_2.27-3ubuntu1_all.deb ...
Unpacking locales (2.27-3ubuntu1) over (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Progress: [ 22%]
Preparing to unpack .../nscd_2.27-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Progress: [ 27%]
Unpacking nscd (2.27-3ubuntu1) over (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Progress: [ 33%]
Preparing to unpack .../libc6_2.27-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
De-configuring libc6:i386 (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Checking for services that may need to be restarted...
Checking init scripts...
Nothing to restart.
Unpacking libc6:amd64 (2.27-3ubuntu1) over (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Progress: [ 38%]
Preparing to unpack .../libc6_2.27-3ubuntu1_i386.deb ...
Progress: [ 44%]
Checking for services that may need to be restarted...
Checking init scripts...
Nothing to restart.
Unpacking libc6:i386 (2.27-3ubuntu1) over (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Progress: [ 50%]
Preparing to unpack .../libc-bin_2.27-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) over (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Progress: [ 55%]
Setting up libc6:amd64 (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/ld.so.conf.d/x86_64-linux-gnu.conf ...
Progress: [ 61%]
Checking for services that may need to be restarted...
Checking init scripts...
Nothing to restart.
Setting up libc6:i386 (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/ld.so.conf.d/i386-linux-gnu.conf ...
Progress: [ 66%]
Checking for services that may need to be restarted...
Checking init scripts...
Nothing to restart.
Setting up libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Progress: [ 72%]
Setting up libc-dev-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Progress: [ 77%]
Setting up libc6-dev:amd64 (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Progress: [ 83%]
Setting up locales (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/locale.alias ...
Progress: [ 88%]
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
Generating locales (this might take a while)...
en_AG.UTF-8... done
en_AU.UTF-8... done
en_BW.UTF-8... done
en_CA.UTF-8... done
en_DK.UTF-8... done
en_GB.UTF-8... done
en_HK.UTF-8... done
en_IE.UTF-8... done
en_IN.UTF-8... done
en_NG.UTF-8... done
en_NZ.UTF-8... done
en_PH.UTF-8... done
en_SG.UTF-8... done
en_US.UTF-8... done
en_ZA.UTF-8... done
en_ZM.UTF-8... done
en_ZW.UTF-8... done
Generation complete.
Setting up nscd (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/init.d/nscd ...
Progress: [ 94%]
insserv: warning: current start runlevel(s) (empty) of script `nscd' overrides LSB defaults (2 3 4 5).
insserv: warning: current stop runlevel(s) (0 1 2 3 4 5 6) of script `nscd' overrides LSB defaults (0 1 6).
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.4) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating the changes
Calculating the changes
Upgrading
Fetched 0 B in 0s (0 B/s)
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LC_MONETARY = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_ADDRESS = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_TELEPHONE = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_NAME = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_MEASUREMENT = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_IDENTIFICATION = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_NUMERIC = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LC_PAPER = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
LANG = "en_US.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to a fallback locale ("en_US.UTF-8").
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
Extracting templates from packages: 100%
Preconfiguring packages ...
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
Extracting templates from packages: 100%
Preconfiguring packages ...
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
(Reading database ... 165528 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../base-files_10.1ubuntu2.3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking base-files (10.1ubuntu2.3) over (9.4ubuntu4.7) ...
Processing triggers for plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text (0.9.2-3ubuntu13.5) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Processing triggers for install-info (6.1.0.dfsg.1-5) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.122ubuntu8.13) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-137-generic
Setting up base-files (10.1ubuntu2.3) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/debian_version ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/issue ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/issue.net ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/lsb-release ...
Updating /etc/profile to current default.
motd-news.service is a disabled or a static unit, not starting it.
Processing triggers for plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text (0.9.2-3ubuntu13.5) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.122ubuntu8.13) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-137-generic
(Reading database ... 165535 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../debianutils_4.8.4_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking debianutils (4.8.4) over (4.7) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Setting up debianutils (4.8.4) ...
(Reading database ... 165535 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../bash_4.4.18-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking bash (4.4.18-2ubuntu1) over (4.3-14ubuntu1.2) ...
Processing triggers for install-info (6.1.0.dfsg.1-5) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Setting up bash (4.4.18-2ubuntu1) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/bash.bashrc ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/skel/.profile ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/share/man/man7/bash-builtins.7.gz to provide /usr/share/man/man7/builtins.7.gz (builtins.7.gz) in auto mode
(Reading database ... 165535 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libbsd0_0.8.7-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libbsd0:amd64 (0.8.7-1) over (0.8.2-1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../libtinfo5_6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libtinfo5:amd64 (6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04) over (6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libtinfo5:amd64 (6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
(Reading database ... 165536 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libncurses5_6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libncurses5:amd64 (6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04) over (6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libncurses5:amd64 (6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
(Reading database ... 165536 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libncursesw5_6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libncursesw5:amd64 (6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04) over (6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libncursesw5:amd64 (6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
(Reading database ... 165536 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../ncurses-bin_6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking ncurses-bin (6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04) over (6.0+20160213-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Setting up ncurses-bin (6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04) ...
(Reading database ... 165537 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../bsdmainutils_11.1.2ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking bsdmainutils (11.1.2ubuntu1) over (9.0.6ubuntu3) ...
Preparing to unpack .../bsdutils_1%3a2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking bsdutils (1:2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.2) over (1:2.27.1-6ubuntu3.6) ...
Setting up bsdutils (1:2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.2) ...
(Reading database ... 165541 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../coreutils_8.28-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking coreutils (8.28-1ubuntu1) over (8.25-2ubuntu3~16.04) ...
Processing triggers for install-info (6.1.0.dfsg.1-5) ...
Setting up coreutils (8.28-1ubuntu1) ...
(Reading database ... 165543 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../liblzma5_5.2.2-1.3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking liblzma5:amd64 (5.2.2-1.3) over (5.1.1alpha+20120614-2ubuntu2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Setting up liblzma5:amd64 (5.2.2-1.3) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libzstd1:amd64.
(Reading database ... 165543 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libzstd1_1.3.3+dfsg-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libzstd1:amd64 (1.3.3+dfsg-2ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libzstd1:amd64 (1.3.3+dfsg-2ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
(Reading database ... 165548 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../debconf-i18n_1.5.66_all.deb ...
Unpacking debconf-i18n (1.5.66) over (1.5.58ubuntu1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../debconf_1.5.66_all.deb ...
Unpacking debconf (1.5.66) over (1.5.58ubuntu1) ...
Setting up debconf (1.5.66) ...
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
dpkg: libperl5.22:amd64: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you requested:
perl depends on libperl5.22 (= 5.22.1-9ubuntu0.5).
(Reading database ... 165546 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing libperl5.22:amd64 (5.22.1-9ubuntu0.5) ...
dpkg: perl-modules-5.22: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you requested:
perl depends on perl-modules-5.22 (>= 5.22.1-9ubuntu0.5).
Removing perl-modules-5.22 (5.22.1-9ubuntu0.5) ...
dpkg: man-db: dependency problems, but processing triggers anyway as you requested:
man-db depends on bsdmainutils; however:
Package bsdmainutils is not configured yet.
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
(Reading database ... 163848 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libmagic1_1%3a5.32-2ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libmagic1:amd64 (1:5.32-2ubuntu0.1) over (1:5.25-2ubuntu1.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmagic-mgc.
Prepar