Real knowledge comes from practice
The test code
Input test:
The test code
Input test:
<?php $array = [ 'a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => [], ]; $a = $array['c'] ?? 0; $b = $array['c'] ?: 0; $c = $array['d'] ?? 0; $d = $array['d'] ?: 0; $e = $array['c'] ? 1 : 0; $f = isset($array['c']) ? 1 : 0; $g = $array['d'] ? 1 : 0; $h = isset($array['d']['e']) ? 1 : 0; $i = !empty($array['c']) ? 1 : 0; $j = !empty($array['d']) ? 1 : 0; var_dump($a); var_dump($b); var_dump($c); var_dump($d); var_dump($e); var_dump($f); var_dump($g); var_dump($h); var_dump($i); var_dump($j); 1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829
Output results:
PHP Notice: Undefined index: d in /home/fanyu/abc.php on line 11PHP Notice: Undefined index: d in /home/fanyu/abc.php on line 14array(0) {}int(0)int(0)int(0)int(0)int(1)int(0)int(0)int(0)int(0)1234567891011121314
conclusion
- $a ??0 equals isset($a)?$a: 0. $a ?: 0 equals $a?$a: 0. Empty: determines if a variable is empty (null, false, 00, 0, ‘0’, “, etc., all return true). Isset: determines if a variable isset (false, 00, 0, ‘0’, “etc., which also returns true).