$ gcc -fno-stack-protector -m32 -o hello hello.c
In file included from hello.c:3:
/usr/include/stdio.h:27:10: fatal error: bits/libc-header-start.h: No such file or directory
   27 | #include <bits/libc-header-start.h>
      |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.

The reason is that the GCC environment is incomplete.

solve:

sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib