The following problems are encountered when compiling vins-mono with catkin,

In file included from /usr/local/include/ceres/internal/parameter_dims.h:37,
                 from /usr/local/include/ceres/internal/autodiff.h:151,
                 from /usr/local/include/ceres/autodiff_cost_function.h:130,
                 from /usr/local/include/ceres/ceres.h:37,
                 from /home/matthew/projects/vinsmono/src/VINS-Mono/camera_model/src/calib/CameraCalibration.cc:20:
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:64:21: error: ‘integer_sequence’ is not a member of ‘std’
   64 | struct SumImpl<std::integer_sequence<T, N, Ns...>> {
      |                     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:64:21: error: ‘integer_sequence’ is not a member of ‘std’
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:64:46: error: wrong number of template arguments (3, should be 1)
   64 | struct SumImpl<std::integer_sequence<T, N, Ns...>> {
      |                                              ^~~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:60:8: note: provided for ‘template<class Seq> struct ceres::internal::SumImpl’
   60 | struct SumImpl;
      |        ^~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:64:49: error: expected unqualified-id before ‘>’ token
   64 | struct SumImpl<std::integer_sequence<T, N, Ns...>> {
      |                                                 ^~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:71:21: error: ‘integer_sequence’ is not a member of ‘std’
   71 | struct SumImpl<std::integer_sequence<T, N1, N2, Ns...>> {
      |                     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:71:21: error: ‘integer_sequence’ is not a member of ‘std’
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:71:51: error: wrong number of template arguments (4, should be 1)
   71 | struct SumImpl<std::integer_sequence<T, N1, N2, Ns...>> {
      |                                                   ^~~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:60:8: note: provided for ‘template<class Seq> struct ceres::internal::SumImpl’
   60 | struct SumImpl;
      |        ^~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:71:54: error: expected unqualified-id before ‘>’ token
   71 | struct SumImpl<std::integer_sequence<T, N1, N2, Ns...>> {
      |                                                      ^~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:78:21: error: ‘integer_sequence’ is not a member of ‘std’
   78 | struct SumImpl<std::integer_sequence<T, N1, N2, N3, N4, Ns...>> {
      |                     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:78:21: error: ‘integer_sequence’ is not a member of ‘std’
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:78:59: error: wrong number of template arguments (6, should be 1)
   78 | struct SumImpl<std::integer_sequence<T, N1, N2, N3, N4, Ns...>> {
      |                                                           ^~~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:60:8: note: provided for ‘template<class Seq> struct ceres::internal::SumImpl’
   60 | struct SumImpl;
      |        ^~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:78:62: error: expected unqualified-id before ‘>’ token
   78 | struct SumImpl<std::integer_sequence<T, N1, N2, N3, N4, Ns...>> {
      |                                                              ^~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:85:21: error: ‘integer_sequence’ is not a member of ‘std’
   85 | struct SumImpl<std::integer_sequence<T, N>> {
      |                     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:85:21: error: ‘integer_sequence’ is not a member of ‘std’
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:85:41: error: wrong number of template arguments (2, should be 1)
   85 | struct SumImpl<std::integer_sequence<T, N>> {
      |                                         ^
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:60:8: note: provided for ‘template<class Seq> struct ceres::internal::SumImpl’
   60 | struct SumImpl;
      |        ^~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:85:42: error: expected unqualified-id before ‘>’ token
   85 | struct SumImpl<std::integer_sequence<T, N>> {
      |                                          ^~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:91:21: error: ‘integer_sequence’ is not a member of ‘std’
   91 | struct SumImpl<std::integer_sequence<T>> {
      |                     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:91:21: error: ‘integer_sequence’ is not a member of ‘std’
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:91:38: error: template argument 1 is invalid
   91 | struct SumImpl<std::integer_sequence<T>> {
      |                                      ^
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:91:39: error: expected unqualified-id before ‘>’ token
   91 | struct SumImpl<std::integer_sequence<T>> {
      |                                       ^~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:135:31: error: ‘integer_sequence’ is not a member of ‘std’
  135 |                          std::integer_sequence<T, N, Ns...>,
      |                               ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:135:31: error: ‘integer_sequence’ is not a member of ‘std’
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:135:59: error: template argument 3 is invalid
  135 |                          std::integer_sequence<T, N, Ns...>,
      |                                                           ^
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:135:59: error: type/value mismatch at argument 4 in template parameter list for ‘template<class T, T Sum, class SeqIn, class SeqOut> struct ceres::internal::ExclusiveScanImpl’
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:135:59: note:   expected a type, got ‘N’
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:146:39: error: ‘integer_sequence’ is not a member of ‘std’
  146 | struct ExclusiveScanImpl<T, Sum, std::integer_sequence<T>, SeqOut> {
      |                                       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:146:39: error: ‘integer_sequence’ is not a member of ‘std’
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:146:57: error: wrong number of template arguments (3, should be 4)
  146 | struct ExclusiveScanImpl<T, Sum, std::integer_sequence<T>, SeqOut> {
      |                                                         ^
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:130:8: note: provided for ‘template<class T, T Sum, class SeqIn, class SeqOut> struct ceres::internal::ExclusiveScanImpl’
  130 | struct ExclusiveScanImpl;
      |        ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:160:53: error: ‘integer_sequence’ is not a member of ‘std’
  160 |       typename ExclusiveScanImpl<T, T(0), Seq, std::integer_sequence<T>>::Type;
      |                                                     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:160:53: error: ‘integer_sequence’ is not a member of ‘std’
/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/integer_sequence_algorithm.h:160:70: error: template argument 4 is invalid
  160 |       typename ExclusiveScanImpl<T, T(0), Seq, std::integer_sequence<T>>::Type;

After checking, it is generally caused by the incompatibility between Ceres-solver and eigen3. You can’t use the latest version of Ceres when running vins-mono.

I had no choice but to uninstall the previous version 2.0.0 first.

sudo rm -r /usr/local/lib/cmake/Ceres
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/include/ceres /usr/local/lib/libceres.a
sudo rm -r /usr/local/share/Ceres

Then download version 1.14.0 here,

http://ceres-solver.org/ceres-solver-1.14.0.tar.gz

wget ceres-solver.org/ceres-solver-1.14.0.tar.gz
https://ceres-solver.googlesource.com/ceres-solver
cd ceres-solver-1.14.0
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make -j4
make test
sudo make install

Compile ceres_curve_fiiting
CD to ceres_curve_fiiting folder

 mkdir build
 cd build
 cmake ..
 make
 ./curve_fitting

Compilation finished!